{"id":1253,"date":"2022-01-31T16:18:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T15:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wolfram.laborumgebung.de\/faq\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T15:42:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T13:42:15","slug":"faq","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/faq\/","title":{"rendered":"FAQ"},"content":{"rendered":"\n \n\n
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FAQ<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t

<\/p>\n\t\t \t<\/div>\t\t\t\n \t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n <\/section>\n\n\n\n

\n\t<\/span>\n\tService- und Qualit\u00e4tsmarktf\u00fchrer f\u00fcr Wolfram – More than just Tungsten<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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General<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What is the density of tungsten?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
With 19.25g \/ cm\u00b3 the density of tungsten is about 2.5 times higher than that of steel (~7.85 g \/ cm\u00b3)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What is the hardness of tungsten (minimum)?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Tungsten has a hardness of about 350 HV10, although it also depends very much on the deformation and the process temperatures.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What is the crystal structure of tungsten?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
– Automotive (cubic \u2013 face-centred structure)
\r\n– KRZ (cubic \u2013 body-centred structure)
\r\n– Hexagonal (hexagonal structure)
\r\nTungsten has the same lattice structure as ferritic steel. Cubic body-centred metals have a transition temperature between the brittle and ductile phase.
\r\nFor ferrite this is ~20\u00b0C, for tungsten it can be 200-400\u00b0C, which is why tungsten is brittle at room temperature.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What is the melting temperature of tungsten?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
3420\u00b0C, the highest of all pure metals.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What do you call the reaction of tungsten in combination with oxygen?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Sintering, oxidation, crystallisation
\r\nIt can form various tungsten oxides and non-stoichiometric mixed oxides with characteristic colours: WO2 bluish \u2013 WO3 yellowish.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
At what temperature is the reaction with oxygen striking?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
50\u00b0C, 200\u00b0C, 400\u00b0C<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
At what temperature does the WO3 (oxide layer) evaporate?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
750\u00b0C, 850\u00b0C, 1000\u00b0C
\r\nThe yellowish oxide decomposes the surface and is harmful in most cases.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
TRIAMET\u00ae is manufactured with the following sintering methods:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Direct sintering and indirect sintering.
\r\nIn indirect sintering, in contrast to direct sintering of pure tungsten, the microstructure forms via liquid phase sintering.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
A “green blank” is …<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
… a compressed powder (not sintered). The pressing can be done with and without the addition of organic binder.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t
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TRIAMET (Tungsten-based heavy alloy)<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Which elements make up the tungsten-based heavy alloys (TRIAMET\u00ae G)?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Element 1: Tungsten
\r\nElement 2: Nickel
\r\nElement 3: Iron
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\r\nTungsten forms a characteristic microstructure with a globular structure and a binder phase of iron and nickel.
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What is the basis of the tungsten-based heavy alloys (TRIAMET\u00ae S)?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Element 1: Tungsten
\r\nElement 2: Nickel
\r\nElement 3: Copper
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\r\nOur S-material is used wherever the material should not be magnetisable.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
The direct sintering process is the following process:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Placing the pressed green blank into a sintering furnace.
\r\nClamping the pressed green blank between two electrical contacts.
\r\nPure tungsten is sintered at about 80% of the melting temperature [K]. Such temperatures can be achieved most easily by electrical resistance heating.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Tensile strength of TRIAMET\u00ae G17B?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
750 \u2013 1000 N\/mm\u00b2
\r\nFor comparison: V2A steel (1.4301) usually has a tensile strength between 500-700 N\/mm\u00b2<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What is the typical elongation at break of TRIAMET\u00ae G17B?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
10 \u2013 30%
\r\nIt is the tungsten product with one of the highest strains.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What are the main areas of application for TRIAMET\u00ae?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Material properties such as high density, low affinity to aluminium and copper, high bending stiffness and easy machinability are used for:
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\r\n– Shielding for nuclear medicine
\r\n– Balance weights for engine construction
\r\n– Tool holders
\r\n– Foundry moulds
\r\n– Others<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Which material properties are influenced by porosity in TRIAMET\u00ae?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Depending on the size of the porosity, elongation at break and ductility are reduced.
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What is the main difference between TRIAMET\u00aeG and TRIAMET\u00aeS?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
TRIAMET\u00aeG is slightly ferromagnetic.
\r\nTRIAMET\u00aeS is non-magnetic (paramagnetic).<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What is the typical hardness of TRIAMET\u00aeG 18?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
290-340 HV10<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What is the maximum application temperature of TRIAMET\u00aeG?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
1300\u00b0C
\r\nHowever, we recommend not exceeding the application temperature of 1000\u00b0C.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
What happens when an application temperature for TRIAMET\u00aeG of … is exceeded
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… of 1300\u00b0C is exceeded?
\r\nThe material loses strength.
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\r\nAnd 1.440\u00b0C?
\r\nThe binder phase melts.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t
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TUNGSTIT\u00ae (WCu and WAg)<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Which pseudo alloy shows higher corrosion resistance?
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WCu and Wag<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t
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DOTIMET\u00ae (tungsten granulate)<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
How is tungsten granulate characterised in C and S analyses?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Tungsten granulate serves as accelerator material for determining the carbon and sulphur content. Often we use this granulate with a grain size between 0.5-2.0mm.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
How is tungsten granulate characterised for mass balancing?
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Bulk and tap density
\r\nGranulate for mass balancing has good damping properties, which can be advantageous in dynamic systems.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\n\t\t\t \t\t <\/article>\n <\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1253","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1253"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4598,"href":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1253\/revisions\/4598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfram-industrie.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}